Gross domestic expenditure on R&D increased 8 billion 678 million in Turkey

Research and Development Activities Survey, 2018

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D reached to 38 billion 534 million TL

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development increased 8 billion 678 million in Turkey and reached to 38 billion 534 million TL in 2018.

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2018
Share of R&D expenditure in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 1.03%

While gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) in GDP was 0.96% in 2017, it was 1.03% in 2018.

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP, 2009-2018
The most R&D expenditure was in financial and non-financial corporations

Share of financial and non-financial corporation’s R&D expenditures in total R&D expenditure increased by 60.4%. This sector was followed by higher education by 30.3% and general government included private non-profit by 9.2% respectively.

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D             Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
by sectors, 2018                                             by type of cost, 2018                            

Financial and non-financial corporations were the first financier

R&D expenditure was financed by financial and non-financial corporations by 53.6% in 2018. This financier was followed by general government by 32.3%, higher education by 12.1%, foreign funds by 2% and other national sources by 0.03% respectively.

172 thousand 119 R&D personnel were employed in terms of full time equivalent

Total number of full time equivalent (TZE) R&D personnel was 172 thousand 119 in 2018. Annual increase in FTE R&D personnel was 12.1% compared to the previous year. Regarding FTE R&D personnel distribution by sectors, 60.6% was employed in financial and non-financial corporations, 32.7% was employed in higher education and 6.6% was employed in general government included private non-profit as well in 2018.

The ratio of female R&D personnel was 31.6% in terms of full time equivalent

Total number of FTE female R&D personnel was 54 thousand 308 in 2018 which constitutes 31.6% of total R&D personnel. When the sectors are considered, the ratio of female R&D personnel in financial and non-financial corporations was 25.6%. This was followed by general government by 28.2% and higher education by 43.3%.

The highest R&D expenditure was in TR51 (Ankara) Region

According to Statistical Regions (SR) Level 2, while R&D expenditure in 2018 was the highest in TR51 (Ankara) region with 32.3%, this region was followed by TR10 (Istanbul) region by 25.3% and TR42 (Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova) region by 10.9%.
 
According to R&D personnel, TR10 (Istanbul) region by 27.3% was in the first place. This region was followed by TR51 (Ankara) region with 19.5% and TR42 (Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova) region by 7.4%.The next release on this subject will be on November, 2020.

Source: TUIK
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