Statistics – Muhasebe News

Labour Force Statistics, September 2022

MuhasebeNews — Thu, 10 Nov 2022 09:26:00 +0000

Seasonally adjusted unemployment rate realized as 10.1%
According to Household Labour Force Survey; the number of unemployed persons aged 15 years old and over increased by 120 thousand to 3 million 482 thousand persons in September 2022 compared to the previous month. As the unemployment rate estimated 10.1% with 0.3 percentage point increase compared to the previous month; it was estimated 8.8% for men and 12.8% for women.
Seasonally adjusted employment rate realized as 47.6%
The number of employed persons decreased by 54 thousand to 30 million 867 thousand persons in September 2022 compared to the previous month. The employment rate occurred as 47.6% with 0.1 percentage point decrease. In addition, this rate was 65.0% for men, 30.6% for women.

Seasonally adjusted labour force participation rate realized as 52.9%
The number of persons in the labour force realized as 34 million 349 thousand persons with 67 thousand persons increase in September 2022 compared to the previous month. Labour force participation rate was 52.9% without any change. Also this rate was 71.3% for men, it was 35.0% for women.
Seasonally adjusted youth unemployment rate was 19.6%
The youth unemployment rate in the 15-24 age group was 19.6% with 1.2 percentage point increase compared to the previous month. While this rate was estimated 16.5% for men and 25.4% for women.
Seasonally adjusted main labour force indicators, 15+ age, September 2022

Seasonally and calendar adjusted average weekly actual working hours was 44.0
Seasonally and calendar adjusted average weekly actual working hours of persons at work during the reference period estimated 44.0 hours without any change compared to the previous month in September 2022.

Seasonally and calendar adjusted average weekly actual working hours, September 2020-September 2022

Seasonally adjusted composite measure of labour underutilization rate realized as 20.3%
In September 2022, the rate of composite measure of labour underutilization consisting of time-related underemployment, potential labour force and unemployment was 20.3% with 0.4 percentage point increase compared to the previous month. While combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment realized as 14.0%, combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force estimated as 16.7%.

Seasonally adjusted supplementary labour force indicators, September 2020-September 2022

The next release on this subject will be on November 15, 2022.

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The Rates of Real Profits Created by Means of Financial Investment, October 2022

MuhasebeNews — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 09:24:00 +0000

Maximum monthly real profit rate was realized in stock exchange

Stock exchange yielded the highest monthly real profit with the rates of 4.26% and 8.58% according to domestic producer price index (D-PPI) and consumer price index (CPI), respectively.

According to D-PPI, the monthly real profit rate of investors of US Dollar, deposit interest, government domestic debt instruments (GDDI), Euro and gold (ingot) lost by 5.90%, 6.19%, 6.27%, 6.67% and 7.49% respectively. According to CPI, the monthly real profit rate of investors of US Dollar, deposit interest, GDDI, Euro, gold (ingot) lost by 2.00%, 2.30%, 2.39%, 2.80% and 3.66% respectively.

The monthly real profit rates created by means of financial investment, October 2022

Stock exchange made the highest real profit with the rates of 30.42% according to D-PPI and 39.35% according to CPI, quarterly. In the same period, gold (ingot) made the highest loss with the rates of 11.74% according to D-PPI and 5.70% according to CPI.

The quarterly real profit rates created by means of financial investment, October 2022

Bi-annually, stock exhange made the highest real profit with the rates of 8.66% according to D-PPI and 28.15% according to CPI. In the same period, investors of deposit interest made the highest loss with the rates of 23.48% according to D-PPI and 9.76% according to CPI.

The bi-annual real profit rates created by means of financial investment, October 2022

Maximum annual real profit rate was created by stock exchange

Stock exchange yielded the highest annual real profit with the rates of 1.07% according to D-PPI and 40.40% according to CPI.

According to D-PPI, the annual real profit rate of investors of US Dollar, gold (ingot), Euro, GDDI and deposit interest lost by 21.29%, 25.86%, 33.32%, 45.49% and 55.21%, respectively. According to CPI, the annual real profit rate of US Dollar and gold(ingot) yielded real profit with the rates of 9.34% and 2.99%, respectively. However, the annual real profit rate of investors of Euro, GDDI and deposit interest lost by 7.37%, 24.28% and 37.78%.

The annual real profit rates created by means of financial investment, October 2022

The next release on this subject will be on December 8, 2022.

Domestic Producer Price Index, October 2022

MuhasebeNews — Thu, 03 Nov 2022 09:22:00 +0000

Domestic Producer Price Index (D-PPI) increased by 157.69% on annual basis, by 7.83% on monthly basis

D-PPI (2003=100) increased by 7.83% on monthly basis, by 96.74% on December of the previous year basis, by 157.69% on same month of the previous year basis and by 122.93% on the twelve months moving averages basis in October 2022.

D-PPI rate of changes (%), October 2022

D-PPI annual rate of change (%), October 2022

Manufacturing increased by 122.97% annually

D-PPI in four main sectors of industry increased by 162.06% for mining and stone quarrying, by 122.97% for manufacturing, by 554.56% for electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning, by 109.45% for water supply, annually.

The indices of main industrial groups; increased by 123.12% for intermediate goods, by 98.65% for durable consumer goods, by 132.88% for non-durable consumer goods, by 417.61% for energy, by 95.61% for capital goods, annually.

D-PPI annual rate of changes (%), October 2022

Manufacturing increased by 3.19% monthly

D-PPI in four main sectors of industry increased by 3.49% for mining and stone quarrying, by 3.19% for manufacturing, by 32.55% for electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning, by 2.8% for water supply, monthly.

The indices of main industrial groups; increased by 2.38% for intermediate goods, by 2.29% for durable consumer goods, by 4.30% for non-durable consumer goods, by 26.50% for energy, by 3.10% for capital goods, monthly.

D-PPI monthly rate of changes (%), October 2022

Compared to general D-PPI, lower annual change observed in 23 subdivisions while 6 subdivisions were higher

The lowest rates of annual increase in D-PPI by subdivisions of industry were the indices for other transport equipment by 67.83%, for wearing apparel by 80.73%, for basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutic preparations by 82.44%. On the other hand the highest rates of annual increase in D-PPI by subdivisions of industry were indices for electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning by 554.56%, for crude petroleum and natural gas by 252.78%, for other non-metallic mineral products by 214.12%.

Annual rate of change for sectors of D-PPI (%), October 2022

Compared to general D-PPI, lower monthly change observed in 27 subdivisions while 2 subdivisions were higher

The lowest rates of monthly increase in D-PPI by subdivisions of industry were the indices for metal ores by 0.25%, for basic metals by 0.35%, for chemicals and chemical products by 1.08%. On the other hand the highest rates of monthly increase in D-PPI by subdivisions of industry were indices for electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning by 32.55%, for crude petroleum and natural gas by 8.03%.

Monthly rate of change for sectors of D-PPI (%), October 2022

Services Producer Price Index, September 2022

MuhasebeNews — Fri, 28 Oct 2022 09:09:00 +0000

Services Producer Price Index (S-PPI) increased by 107.01% annually, by 2.55% monthly

S-PPI (2017=100) increased by 2.55% on monthly basis, by 72.26% on December of the previous year basis, by 107.01% on same month of the previous year basis and by 78.34% on the twelve months moving averages basis in September 2022.

S-PPI rate of changes (%), September 2022

S-PPI annual rate of change (%), September 2022

Transportation and storage services increased by 140.57% annually

The indices increased by 140.57% for transportation and storage services, by 95.83% for accommodation and food services, by 64.65% for information and communication services, by 88.65% for real estate services, by 79.98% for professional, scientific and technical services, by 95.28% for administrative and support services compared with the previous year.

S-PPI rate of annual changes (%), September 2022

Transportation and storage services increased by 2.34% monthly

The indices increased by 2.34% for transportation and storage services, increased by 1.14% for accommodation and food services, increased by 4.33% for information and communication services, decreased by 2.85% for real estate services, increased by 7.42% for professional, scientific and technical services, increased by 1.09% for administrative and support services compared with the previous month.

S-PPI rate of monthly changes (%), September 2022

Compared to general S-PPI, lower annual change observed in 18 subdivisions while 9 subdivisions were higher

The lowest rates of annual increase in S-PPI were the indices for telecommunications services by 39.48%, for legal and accounting services by 43.46%, for motion picture, video, tv programme production, sound recording and music publishing by 57.09%. On the other hand the highest rates of annual increase in S-PPI were indices for postal and courier services by 177.31%, for air transport services by 163.88%, for water transport services by 141.01%.

Annual rate of change for sectors of S-PPI (%), September 2022

Compared to general S-PPI, lower monthly change observed in 14 subdivisions while 13 subdivisions were higher

The highest rates of monthly decrease in S-PPI were the indices for accommodation services by 8.23%, for travel agency, tour operator and other reservation services and related services by 6.41%, for air transport services by 5.56%. On the other hand the highest rates of monthly increase in S-PPI were indices for programming and broadcasting services by 70.46%, for advertising and market research services by 20.31%, for motion picture, video, tv programme production, sound recording and music publishing by 8.47%.

Monthly rate of change for sectors of S-PPI (%), September 2022

The next release on this subject will be on November 30, 2022.

Solid Fuels, August 2022

MuhasebeNews — Fri, 28 Oct 2022 08:39:03 +0000

Marketable production of lignite was 6 million 417 thousand 863 tonnes in August

Marketable production of lignite⁽¹⁾ increased by 0.8% in August compared to the previous month whilst it decreased by 7.5% compared to the same month of the previous year.

Production of lignite, August 2020-August 2022

Marketable production of hard coal was 132 thousand 862 tonnes in August

Marketable production of hard coal increased by 44.1% in August compared to the previous month and by 38.1% compared to the same month of the previous year.

Marketable production of coke derived from hard coal was 407 thousand 905 tonnes in August. This production decreased by 0.5% in August compared to the previous month whilst it increased by 2.8% compared to the same month of the previous year.

Production of hard coal, August 2020-August 2022

Marketable production and deliveries of solid fuels, August 2022

Imports of hard coal was 3 million 587 thousand 754 tonnes in August

Imports of hard coal increased by 14.9% in August compared to the previous month while it decreased by 11.6% compared to the same month of the previous year.

Imports of coke derived from hard coal decreased by 15.3% in August compared to the previous month and by 2.5% compared to the same month of the previous year.

The highest ratio of production to deliveries was in lignite in August

The highest ratio⁽²⁾ of production to deliveries was in lignite by 105.9% in August. This ratio was 82.3% for coke derived from hard coal and 4.0% for hard coal.

Hard coal and lignite were delivered mostly to thermal power plants

Concerning the deliveries of solid fuels in August; 60.7% of hard coal was delivered to thermal power plants, 13.6% to coking plants and 13.4% to industry (except iron and steel industry). Additionally, 84.8% of lignite was delivered to thermal power plants and 9.7% to industry (except iron and steel industry). Lastly, 94.5% of coke derived from hard coal was delivered to iron and steel industry.

Distribution of solid fuels by deliveries, August 2022

The next release on this subject will be on November 28, 2022.

Crop Production 2nd Estimation, 2022

MuhasebeNews — Fri, 28 Oct 2022 08:36:00 +0000

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is responsible for the collection, processing and preparation for the publication, and Turkish Statistical Institute is responsible for the publication of the data included in this press release.

It was estimated that production of cereals and other crops, fruits will increase when compared with the previous year

In the second estimation of 2022, production quantities of cereals and other crops (except fodder crops) will increase by 14.3%, while fruits, beverage and spices crops will increase by 3.8% when compared with the previous year. Production quantities of in 2022 were estimated approximately as follows; 70 million tonnes for cereals and other crops, 31.7 million tonnes for vegetables, and 25.8 million tonnes for fruits, beverage and spices crops.
Crop production, 2021, 2022

It was estimated that cereals production will increase in 2022 when compared with the previous year

It was estimated that in 2022 cereals production will increase with a rate of 20.7% when compared with the previous year and approximately become 38.5 million tonnes.

It was estimated that wheat production will increase by 11.9% to become 19.8 million tonnes, maize production will increase by 23% to become 8.3 million tonnes, barley production will increase by 47.8% and become 8.5 million tonnes, rye production will increase by 36.5% and become 273 thousand tonnes, oats production will increase by 32.2% and become 365 thousand tonnes, when compared with the previous year.

In the pulses group, it was expected that an increase will occur in chick pea by 22.1% and production become 580 thousand tonnes, dry beans will decrease by 11.5% and become 270 thousand tonnes, red lentil will increase by 75.4% and become 400 thousand tonnes and potatoes, one of tuber crops, will increase by 2% and remain as 5.2 million tonnes.

In the group of oil seeds, it was expected that soybean production will decrease with a rate of 14.8% and become 155 thousand tonnes, sunflower will increase by 5.6% and approximately become 2.6 million tonnes.
It was estimated that tobacco production will increase by 15% and become 82.3 thousand tonnes, sugar beets production will increase by 6.9% and become 19 million tonnes.
It was estimated that vegetables production same as in 2022 compared with the previous year

It was estimated that in 2022, vegetables production same as when compared with the previous year and approximately become 31.7 million tonnes.

The production of some important crops in vegetables; increments are expected in cucumber production by 2.8%, in carrots production by 33.3%, in cabbages (white) production by 19% while decrements are expected as 0.7% in tomatoes, 1.5% in watermelon, 6% in onion (dry).

It was estimated that fruits production will increase in 2022 when compared with the previous year

It was estimated that fruits, beverage and spices crops production will be 25.8 million tonnes in 2022 increasing by 3.8% when compared with the previous year.

When examining productions of some important fruits, it was estimated that there will be increase in apple production by 5.2%, in grapes production by 13.5%, in the total of peaches and nectarine production by 12.5%, in plums production by 8.5%, in strawberries production by 8.7%, in olive production by 71.2% when compared with the previous year.

In the citrus group, an increase is expected in mandarin production by 17.7%, 31.3% in oranges, 32.5% in lemons production. From nuts, an increase is expected in hazelnuts production by 11.8%, in pistachios production by 100.5%.

It was estimated that there will be increments in figs by 9.4% and in bananas by 12.9%.

The next release on this subject will be on December 30, 2022.

Foreign Trade Statistics, September 2022

MuhasebeNews — Thu, 27 Oct 2022 09:04:00 +0000

According to the general trade system exports and imports increased by 9.2%, 38.1% respectively in September 2022

According to the provisional data, produced with the cooperation of the Turkish Statistical Institute and the Ministry of Trade, in September 2022; exports were 22 billion 612 million dollars with a 9.2% increase and imports were 32 billion 208 million dollars with a 38.1% increase compared with September 2021.

Exports and imports increased by 17.0%, 40.4% respectively in January-September 2022

In January-September 2022 period, exports were 188 billion 152 million dollars with a 17.0% increase and imports were 271 billion 249 million dollars with a 40.4% increase compared with January-September 2021.

Energy products and non-monetary gold excluded exports and imports increased by 4.4%, 10.9% respectively in September

Exports, excluding energy products and non-monetary gold, were 20 billion 779 million dollars with a 4.4% increase in September 2022. Imports, excluding energy products and non-monetary gold, were 20 billion 602 million dollars with a 10.9% increase in September 2022.

Foreign trade surplus, excluding energy products and non-monetary gold, was 177 million dollars in September 2022.

Foreign trade volume was 41 billion 381 million dollars with a 7.6% increase. Energy products and non-monetary gold excluded export coverage imports was 100.9%.

The foreign trade deficit increased by 268.1% in September 2022

In September 2022 foreign trade deficit was 9 billion 595 million dollars with a 268.1% increase compared with September 2021. In September 2022, exports coverage imports was 70.2%, while it was 88.8% in September 2021.

The foreign trade deficit increased by 156.3% in January-September 2022

In January-September 2022 period, foreign trade deficit was 83 billion 97 million dollars with a 156.3% increase compared with January-September 2021. In the same period, exports coverage imports was 69.4% while it was 83.2% in January-September 2021.

Export, import and balance, September 2022

The ratio of manufacturing industries products in total exports was 95.3% in September 2022

In September 2022, according to economic activities, the ratios of manufacturing industries products, agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and quarrying in total exports were 95.3%, 2.6%, 1.5%, respectively.

In January-September 2022 period, according to economic activities, the ratios of manufacturing industries products, agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and quarrying in total exports were 94.7%, 2.9%, 1.9%, respectively.

The ratio of intermediate goods in total imports was 80.3% in September 2022

In September 2022, according to the BEC classification, the ratios of intermediate goods, capital goods and consumption goods in total imports were 80.3%,11.1%, 8.5%, respectively.

In January-September 2022 period, according to the BEC classification, the ratios of intermediate goods, capital goods and consumption goods in total imports were 81.4%,10.7%,7.8%, respectively.

The main partner for exports was Germany in September 2022

In September 2022, the main partner country for exports was Germany with 2 billion 3 million dollars. The country was followed by USA with 1 billion 378 million dollars, Iraq with 1 billion 277 million dollars, United Kingdom with 1 billion 205 million dollars, and Russia with 1 billion 147 million dollars. The ratio of the first five countries in total exports was 31.0% in September 2022.

In January-September 2022 period, the main partner country for exports was Germany with 15 billion 777 million dollars. The country was followed by USA with 12 billion 746 million dollars, Iraq with 9 billion 885 million dollars, United Kingdom with 9 billion 801 million dollars, and Italy with 9 billion 268 million dollars. The ratio of the first five countries in total exports was 30.5% in January-September 2022.

The main partner for imports was Russia in September 2022

In September 2022, the top country for Türkiye’s imports was Russia with 6 billion 226 million dollars. The country was followed by China with 3 billion 709 million dollars, Switzerland with 2 billion 129 million dollars, Germany with 2 billion 37 million dollars and USA with 1 billion 512 million dollars. The ratio of first five countries in total imports was 48.5% in September 2022.

In January-September 2022 period, the top country for Türkiye’s imports was Russia with 44 billion 638 million dollars. The country was followed by China with 31 billion 742 million dollars, Germany with 17 billion 364 million dollars, USA with 11 billion 807 million dollars, Italy with 10 billion 330 million dollars. The ratio of first five countries in total imports was 42.7% in January-September 2022.

Seasonally and calendar adjusted exports increased by 0.8%

In September 2022, while seasonally and calendar adjusted exports increased by 0.8%, imports decreased by 1.3% compared with previous month. In September 2022, calendar adjusted exports and imports increased by 9.5%, 38.9% respectively compared with September 2021.

Ratio of exports of high-tech products in manufacturing industries was 2.6%

Foreign trade by technology intensity covers the manufacturing industries’ products in classification of ISIC Rev.4. According to the ISIC Rev.4, the ratio of manufacturing industries products in total exports was 95.3% in September 2022. The ratio of high-technology products in manufacturing industries exports was 2.6%. The ratio of manufacturing industries products in total exports was 94.7% in January-September 2022. In January-September 2022 period, the ratio of high-technology products in manufacturing industries exports was 2.8%.

The ratio of manufacturing industries’ products in total imports was 73.5%. The ratio of high-technology products in manufacturing industries’ imports was 9.1% in September 2022. The ratio of manufacturing industries’ products in total imports was 70.5% in January-September 2022. The ratio of high-technology products in manufacturing industries’ imports was 9.7% in January-September 2022.

According to the special trade system, exports were 20 billion 633 million dollars in September 2022

According to the special trade system, in September 2022, exports were 20 billion 633 million dollars with a 5.5% increase and imports were 30 billion 188 million dollars with a 35.4% increase compared with September 2021.

In September 2022 foreign trade deficit was 9 billion 555 million dollars with a 248.9% increase compared with September 2021.

Exports coverage imports was 68.3%, while it was 87.7% in September 2021.

Exports were 175 billion dollars in January-September 2022

According to the special trade system, exports were 175 billion dollars with a 14.8% increase and imports were 225 billion 674 million dollars with a 37.7% increase compared with January-September 2021.

In January-September 2022 period, foreign trade deficit was 80 billion 674 million dollars with a 142.0% increase compared with January-September 2021.

Exports coverage imports was 68.4%, while it was 82.1% in January-September 2021.

The next release on this subject will be on November 29, 2022.

Tourism Statistics, Quarter III: July – September, 2022

MuhasebeNews — Thu, 27 Oct 2022 09:01:00 +0000

Tourism income revised and published
In order to improve tourism statistics, studies on the main revision were carried out in cooperation with the Turkish Statistical Institute, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Council of Higher Education, the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye and the Interbank Card Center. new data sources and methodological improvements were integrated into the system and updated until 2012. Detailed methodological explanation is in the attachment of the Press Release.
Tourism income increased by 27.1%
In the third quarter which is July, August and September of 2022 tourism income increased by 27.1% and reached to 17 billion 952 million 361 thousand dollars. 14.3% of tourism income was obtained from Turkish citizens resident abroad.

Visitors organise their travel individually or with package tour. While individual expenditures constituted 12 billion 562 million 557 thousand dollars of the total tourism income, 5 billion 389 million 804 thousand dollars of tourism income was obtained by package tour expenditures.
Number of departing visitors increased by 54%
In this quarter, number of departing visitors increased by 54% compared to same quarter of previous year and reached to 21 million 128 persons. 11.3% of the visitors was Turkish citizens resident abroad with 2 million 374 thousand 125 people.

In this quarter, the average expenditure per night of visitors departing from our country was 89 dollars. The average expenditure per night of Turkish citizens resident abroad was 62 dollars.
Tourism income and number of visitors, Quarter III: July-September, 2022

All types of expenditures increased in this quarter compared to the same quarter of the previous year, excluding health and other expenditures. Package tour expenditures (the remaining share in our country) increased by 110.5%, sports, education, culture expenditures increased by 81.7%, and international transportation expenditures increased by 35.7%.
Rate of change of expenditure types over the same period of the previous year (%), Quarter III, 2022

In this quarter, visitors visited Türkiye mostly “travel, entertainment, sportive and cultural activities” with 75.1%

The secondary purpose of visit was “visiting relatives and friends” with 17.8% and the third was “shopping” with 2.6%. Turkish citizens resident abroad visited mostly for “visiting relatives and friends” with 64.5%.
Departing visitors by purpose of visit, Quarter III, 2022

Tourism expenditure increased by 89.3%
Tourism expenditure which is the expenditure of the Turkish citizens resident in Turkiye and visited abroad, increased by 89.3% compared to same quarter of previous year and reached to 1 billion 106 million 285 thousand dollars. While 907 million 483 thousand dollars of total expenditures was individual expenditures, 198 million 803 thousand dollars of tourism expenditures was package tour expenditures.
Tourism expenditure and number of Turkish citizens visited abroad, Quarter III: July-September, 2022

Number of Turkish citizens visited abroad increased by 137.3%

In this quarter number of Turkish citizens visited abroad increased by 137.3% compared to same quarter of previous year and reached to 2 million 72 thousand 116 persons. Average expenditure was 534 dollars per capita.

Average expenditure per capita, Quarter III, 2022

The next release on this subject will be on January 31, 2023.

Economic Confidence Index, October 2022

MuhasebeNews — Thu, 27 Oct 2022 08:51:00 +0000

Economic confidence index realized as 97.1

Economic confidence index which was 94.3 in September increased by 3.0% in October to 97.1.

Consumer confidence index increased by 5.3% and became 76.2, real sector (manufacturing industry) confidence index increased by 1.8% and became 102.0, services confidence index increased by 0.9% and became 119.3, retail trade confidence index increased by 3.0% and became 119.4, construction confidence index increased by 2.8% and became 90.5 in October compared to the previous month.

Economic confidence index, October 2022

Economic confidence index, confidence indices and the rate of changes, October 2022

	Index	Percentage change over the previous month (%)
	September	October	September	October
Economic confidence index	94.3	97.1	0.0	3.0
Consumer confidence index	72.4	76.2	0.3	5.3
Real sector confidence index	100.2	102.0	-1.2	1.8
Services confidence index	118.2	119.3	1.7	0.9
Retail trade confidence index	115.9	119.4	2.7	3.0
Construction confidence index	88.1	90.5	2.1	2.8

Index values are seasonally adjusted.

The next release on this subject will be on November 29, 2022.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXPLANATIONS

Economic confidence index is a composite index that encapsulates consumers’ and producers’ evaluations, expectations and tendencies about general economic situation. The index is combined by means of a weighted aggregation of sub-indices of seasonally adjusted consumer confidence, real sector, services, retail trade and construction confidence indices.

In the calculation of economic confidence index, each sectoral weights are not directly applied to the five confidence indices themselves but to their normalised individual sub-indices series as equally-distributed in each sector. Within this scope, totally 20 sub-indices of confidence indices for consumer, real sector, services, retail trade and construction are used in the calculation.

Sub-indices used in the calculation of economic confidence index are calculated with data collected in the first two weeks of each month.

It indicates an optimistic outlook about the general economic situation when economic confidence index is above 100, whereas it indicates a pessimistic outlook when it is below 100.,

Environmental Protection Expenditure Statistics, 2021

MuhasebeNews — Wed, 26 Oct 2022 08:42:00 +0000

Environmental protection expenditure was 66.3 billion TL

Total environmental protection expenditure amounted to 66.3 billion TL by an increase of 59.2% compared to the previous year in 2021. Out of total environmental protection expenditure, 64.3% was realized by financial and non-financial corporations, 28.3% was realized by general government and non-profit institutions serving households and 7.3% was realized by households.

Environmental protection expenditure by institutional sectors, 2020 – 2021

58.5% of environmental protection expenditures realized for waste management services

In total environmental protection expenditure, waste management services accounted for 58.5%, wastewater management services accounted for 27%, protection of biodiversity and landscapes accounted for 4.2%, protection of ambient air and climate for 3.5%, protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water accounted for 3% and other environmental protection domains accounted for 3.8%.

Environmental protection expenditure by domains (%), 2021

Environmental protection investment expenditure was 13.6 billion TL

Out of 13.6 billion TL of environmental protection investment expenditure which increased by 75% compared to the previous year, 84.4% was realized by financial and non-financial corporations and 15.6% was realized by general government and non-profit institutions serving households.

Share of environmental protection expenditure in GDP was 0.9%

While share of environmental protection expenditure in gross domestic product was 0.8% in 2020, it was 0.9% in 2021.

The next release on this subject will be on November, 2023.