External Trade Statistics by Enterprise Characteristics, 2018, in Turkey
The proportion of large enterprises was 44.6% in exports, 64% in imports
External trade statistics were combined with business registers by activity sector and number of employees and external trade statistics by enterprise characteristics were obtained. The matching rate indicates trade operators recorded in trade registers can be successfully linked with enterprises in business registers. There were 77 thousand 8 enterprises in exports, 69 thousand 772 in imports in 2018. The matching rates were 99.9% for exporter enterprises and approximately 100% as value for exports and 97% for importer enterprises and approximately 100% as value for imports.
In 2018, 19.7% of total exports were made by micro-enterprises with 1-9 employees. In export, the share of small enterprises (10-49 employees) was 19.2%, medium-sized enterprises (50-249 employees) was 16.5% and the share of large enterprises (250+ employees) was 44.6%.
The rate of micro-enterprises (1-9 employees) was 8.6%, small enterprises (10-49 employees) was 11.1%, medium-sized enterprises (50-249 employees) was 16.4% and large enterprises (250+ employees) was 64% in total imports.
Share of trade by employment size class, 2018
Industry sector was forefront in external trade
In 2018, 57.5% of exports and 56.5% of imports were performed by enterprises which took place in industry sector. Enterprises, whose main activity is trade, performed 38.9% of exports and 31.6% of imports.
Large enterprises performed 69.3% of industry sector’s exports. Small and medium enterprises performed 91.4% of trade sector’s exports. For imports, large enterprises took the first place in industry sector with the rate of 80% and small and medium enterprises took the first place in trade sector with the rate of 68.7%.
Exports of enterprises in industry sector to the European Union (EU 28) was 54.4%
Enterprises in industry sector exported mostly to the EU 28 with the rate of 54.4%, then Near and Middle Eastern with the rate of 14.1% in 2018. 62.6% of exports to the EU 28 performed by industry sector and 35.5% of exports to the EU 28 performed by trade sector.
Enterprises in industrial activities, imported from the EU 28 with the rate of 38.6%, from Other Asian Countries with the rate of 21.4% and from Other European Countries with the rate of 12.8%. The top partner zone for trader enterprises imports was the EU 28 by 35.3%. The EU 28 was followed by Other Asian with the rate of 31% and Other European Countries with the rate of 11.8%.
Enterprises in industry sector exported 59.1% of manufactured products
Enterprises in industry sector performed 59.1% of manufactured products exports and trade enterprises performed 37.9% of it. Industrial enterprises exported industrial products as a rate of 96.6% and 1.7% agriculture, forestry and fishing products.
Industrial enterprises performed 54.5% of manufactured products imports and trade enterprises performed 36.6% of it and enterprises in other sectors performed 9% of it. Industrial enterprises imported industrial products as a rate of 76.4% and 4.6% mining products and 4.3% agriculture, forestry and fishing products.
The rate of top 100 enterprises in imports was 57.4%
Top 100 enterprises performed 44.6% of exports and 57.4% of imports in 2018. Top 5 enterprises performed 16.9% of exports and 22.3% of imports.
Top 5 enterprises whose main activity was industry had a share of 18.5% in industry sector and enterprises whose main activity was trade had a share of 14.1% in exports. In imports top 5 enterprises whose main activity was industry had a share of 19.6% in industry and enterprises whose main activity was trade 13.6% in trade.
The proportion of enterprises imported from 1 partner country was 50.3%
While 44.3% of enterprises exported to 1 partner country, 16.5% of enterprises exported to 2 partner countries. 4.5% of enterprises exported to 20 or more partner countries and performed 62.3% of the exports.
In 2018, 50.3% of total enterprises imported from 1 partner country, 15.6% of enterprises imported from 2 partner countries. The proportion of enterprises imported from 20 or more partner countries was 2.2% and these enterprises had a share of 56.6% in total imports.
The next release on this subject will be on October 16, 2020.
Source: TÜİK
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